Boom bap is a subgenre of hip-hop that emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s, characterized by its hard-hitting beats and sample-heavy production. The name "boom bap" itself is onomatopoeic, representing the drum sounds typical of the genre—the "boom" of the kick drum and the "bap" of the snare. Boom bap played a significant role in shaping the sound of early hip-hop and continues to influence contemporary music.

Characteristics of Boom Bap

1. Drum Patterns: The defining feature of boom bap is its drum patterns. The beats are often simple but powerful, with a heavy emphasis on the kick and snare. The kick drum ("boom") is usually deep and resonant, while the snare drum ("bap") is crisp and punchy.

2. Sampling: Boom bap producers heavily rely on sampling old records, especially jazz, soul, and funk. These samples are chopped, looped, and rearranged to create the backbone of the track. This method not only gives boom bap its nostalgic feel but also showcases the producer's creativity in recontextualizing existing music.

3. Basslines: The basslines in boom bap tracks are typically straightforward but groovy, complementing the drum patterns and providing a solid foundation for the track.

4. Scratching and Turntablism: Many classic boom bap tracks feature DJ techniques like scratching and turntablism, adding a layer of complexity and texture to the music.

5. Lyrics and Flow: Boom bap lyrics often focus on storytelling, social issues, and lyrical dexterity. The flow tends to be rhythmic and syncopated, matching the beat's natural groove.

Iconic Boom Bap Artists and Tracks

Some of the most iconic boom bap artists include DJ Premier, Pete Rock, J Dilla, and groups like A Tribe Called Quest and Wu-Tang Clan. Classic tracks such as Nas's "N.Y. State of Mind," Gang Starr's "Mass Appeal," and The Notorious B.I.G.'s "Juicy" exemplify the boom bap sound.

Tips on How to Produce Boom Bap

1. Choosing the Right Drums: Start with high-quality drum samples. Look for punchy kicks and crispy snares. You can either sample drums from old records or use drum kits specifically designed for boom bap.

2. Sampling Techniques:

• Digging: Search for vinyl records or digital sources to find unique samples. Jazz, soul, and funk records are excellent sources.

• Chopping and Looping: Use your DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) to chop the samples into smaller segments. Rearrange these segments to create new patterns and loops.

3. Layering Drums: Layering multiple drum sounds can add depth and character to your beats. For instance, you might combine a deep kick with a lighter one to achieve the desired "boom."

4. Creating Basslines: Use a bass guitar or a synthesizer to create a groovy bassline. Ensure it complements the drum pattern and fits well within the mix.

5. Adding Melodic Elements: Incorporate melodic elements from your samples or play them using instruments. Pianos, horns, and strings often work well in boom bap production. This tutorial on how to make a Boom Bap beat by Navie D is great to learn more about the basics.

6. Using Effects: Apply effects like reverb, delay, and EQ to shape your sounds. Subtle use of these effects can make your samples and drums stand out.

7. Incorporating Turntablism: If you're skilled with turntables, consider adding some scratching to your track. If not, you can sample scratch sounds and integrate them into your beat.

8. Mixing and Mastering: Pay close attention to the mix. Ensure that each element has its own space and that the drums hit hard without overpowering the other components. Use compression and EQ to balance the mix, and finalize it with proper mastering techniques.

'meet the grahams' by Kendrick Lamar is a great example of a recent Boom Bap type production.

Boom bap is a timeless genre that continues to resonate with hip-hop enthusiasts around the world. Its rich history and characteristic sound make it a favorite for both listeners and producers. By understanding its core elements and applying the tips mentioned above, you can start creating your own boom bap beats that capture the essence of this influential genre.